{"id":3909,"date":"2025-05-27T13:43:46","date_gmt":"2025-05-27T17:43:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/venfort.com\/?p=3909"},"modified":"2025-05-27T13:43:47","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T17:43:47","slug":"the-proceedings-before-the-icc-following-the-application-for-international-arrest-warrants-against-the-supreme-leader-and-the-chief-justice-of-the-supreme-court-of-afghanistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/el-procedimiento-ante-la-cpi-tras-la-solicitud-de-ordenes-de-arresto-internacional-contra-el-lider-supremo-y-el-presidente-del-tribunal-supremo-de-afganistan\/","title":{"rendered":"ICC Proceedings following the Application for International Arrest Warrants against the Supreme Leader and Chief Justice of Afghanistan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The past <strong>January 23, 2025<\/strong>the Prosecutor's Office of the <strong>International Criminal Court <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/\">(CPI)<\/a><\/strong>under the direction of the Prosecutor <strong>Karim A.A. Khan KC<\/strong>presented <strong>two requests for arrest warrants<\/strong> before the <strong>Pre-Trial Chamber II<\/strong> in the case of <strong>Afghanistan<\/strong>. This marks a milestone in the fight against crimes against humanity and gender-based persecution globally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Who are the defendants and what charges do they face?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The two main defendants in this case are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Haibatullah Akhundzada<\/strong>Supreme Leader of the Taliban and highest authority of the so-called \"Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Abdul Hakim Haqqani<\/strong>The president of the Supreme Court of the Taliban regime.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Both face <strong>charges of gender-based persecution<\/strong>in accordance with the <strong>article 7(1) (h) of the Rome Statute<\/strong>. They are accused of having led a policy of systematic oppression against women, girls and people whose gender identity or expression does not conform to the Taliban's extremist vision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A regime of extreme restrictions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the Taliban seizure of power by the Taliban in August of <strong>2021<\/strong>Afghanistan has witnessed an unprecedented regression in the fundamental rights of women and girls. Among the main restrictions imposed are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Prohibition of access to education<\/strong> beyond the age of 12.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exclusion from the workplace<\/strong>including in humanitarian organizations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mobility limitations<\/strong>The children are required to be accompanied by a male guardian in order to leave home.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Censorship and repression<\/strong>criminalizing any expression of resistance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>use of extreme violence<\/strong> The use of these restrictions has been documented in multiple reports, including acts of <strong>torture, rape, enforced disappearances and arbitrary imprisonment<\/strong>. These acts, according to the ICC Office of the Prosecutor, form part of a <strong>state policy<\/strong> aimed at eradicating any form of dissidence and guaranteeing the absolute subjugation of women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The procedure at the ICC following the application for arrest warrants<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the ICC Prosecutor's Office has submitted its request for arrest warrants, a judicial process is initiated, which follows the following steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <strong>Consideration by Pre-Trial Chamber II. <\/strong>The application is evaluated by the judges of the <strong>Pre-Trial Chamber II<\/strong>currently composed of <strong>Judges Rosario Salvatore Aitala, Sergio Gerardo Ugalde God\u00ednez and Haykel Ben-Mahfoudh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Time to decide. <\/strong>There is no fixed time limit for the Chamber to make a decision, but generally the process can take <strong>several weeks or months<\/strong>depending on the complexity of the evidence presented and the need for additional verifications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <strong>Evidentiary requirements<\/strong>. In order for the Chamber to issue an arrest warrant, it is necessary that the Prosecutor's Office has demonstrated that <strong>\"reasonable grounds to believe\"<\/strong> that the accused have committed the crimes charged. At this stage, the standard of proof is lower than that required for a trial, but must be sufficient to justify the issuance of the warrant. The judges will evaluate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The existence of a generalized or systematic attack<\/strong> against a civilian population.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The link between the defendants and the crimes committed.<\/strong> That is, its role in the planning, authorization or execution of the reported persecution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The credibility of the evidence presented.<\/strong> This includes witness testimonies, official documents, decrees, human rights reports and audiovisual material.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <strong>Issuance or denial of arrest warrant. <\/strong>If the Chamber considers that the evidentiary criteria have been satisfied, <strong>issue the arrest warrant<\/strong>The Prosecutor's report will be transmitted to States Parties to the Rome Statute and other relevant international actors for enforcement. If the Chamber considers that the Prosecution has failed to present sufficient evidence, it may <strong>deny the request<\/strong> or require additional information before making a decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Possible defenses of the defendants<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If arrest warrants are issued and the defendants are arrested, they will have the opportunity to present their case. <strong>their defense arguments before the ICC<\/strong>. Some of the lines of defense they might wield include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. <strong>Questioning of the ICC's jurisdiction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Afghanistan is a State Party to the <strong>Rome Statute<\/strong>which gives jurisdiction to the ICC. However, the defendants could argue that the crimes <strong>are internal affairs<\/strong> and that Afghan justice should have priority in the prosecution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They could also argue that the acts denounced <strong>do not reach the necessary magnitude<\/strong> to be considered crimes against humanity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <strong>Denial of individual responsibility<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Since the ICC pursues <strong>individual responsibilities<\/strong>defendants could argue that <strong>did not directly order the acts<\/strong> of persecution and that decisions were made by other levels within the Taliban regime.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They could also argue that <strong>there was no deliberate plan<\/strong> to impose systematic persecutions against women, but rather it was a question of decisions <strong>isolated or local authorities<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <strong>Cultural or religious justification<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>One of the most likely defense strategies will be to argue that the restrictions imposed on women and girls are part of the <strong>interpretation of Sharia<\/strong> and do not constitute international crimes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, the Prosecutor's Office has already emphasized that no religious interpretation can justify the <strong>systematic deprivation of fundamental human rights<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <strong>Challenge of evidence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Defendants may attempt to disqualify witness testimony by arguing that <strong>were obtained under pressure<\/strong> or that the reports used by the Prosecutor's Office <strong>lack impartiality<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The process opened before the <strong>International Criminal Court<\/strong> for gender-based prosecution in Afghanistan represents a significant step forward in the protection of human rights and the fight against impunity. The application for arrest warrants against <strong>Haibatullah Akhundzada<\/strong> y <strong>Abdul Hakim Haqqani<\/strong> highlights the <strong>international liability<\/strong> of the Taliban leadership and the ICC's determination to ensure justice for the victims.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, the decision is in the hands of the <strong>Pre-Trial Chamber II<\/strong>The company shall assess whether there are <strong>reasonable grounds<\/strong> for the issuance of arrest warrants. If granted, States Parties to the Rome Statute shall be legally bound to cooperate in their execution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>From <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/history-2\/\">Venfort Lawyers<\/a><\/strong>as experts in <strong>International Criminal Law and ICC litigation<\/strong>We are closely following the evolution of this case. We offer specialized advice to individuals and organizations that may be in need of legal advice. <strong>affected or involved<\/strong> in proceedings before the <strong>International Criminal Court<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El pasado 23 de enero de 2025, la Fiscal\u00eda de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI), bajo la direcci\u00f3n del Fiscal Karim A.A. Khan KC, present\u00f3 dos solicitudes de \u00f3rdenes de arresto ante la Sala de Cuestiones Preliminares II en el caso de Afganist\u00e1n. Este hecho marca un hito en la lucha contra los cr\u00edmenes de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3910,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","omw_enable_modal_window":"enable","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[519],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-derecho-penal-internacional","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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