{"id":6472,"date":"2026-11-05T12:39:20","date_gmt":"2026-11-05T16:39:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/venfort.com\/?p=6472"},"modified":"2026-11-06T12:41:09","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T16:41:09","slug":"spain-extradition-mexico-what-to-do-defense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/extradicion-espana-mexico-que-hacer-defensa\/","title":{"rendered":"Extradition from Spain to Mexico: what to do if Mexico demands it and how to defend yourself"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>By Dr. Alan Aldana \u00b7 Founding partner<\/em> <em>VENFORT Abogados<\/em> <em>\u00b7 Full member of the Defence Extradition Lawyers Forum<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Defense in extradition proceedings before the National Court of Justice, proceedings before INTERPOL, and coordination with lawyers in Mexico.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An arrest warrant issued in Mexico can have immediate consequences for anyone residing, working, or passing through Spain. The situation is usually made apparent when traveling, when a police arrest occurs, or when a red Interpol notice is received.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At that point, urgent questions arise. Can I remain free while the procedure is being resolved? Can I be extradited if I am Spanish? What value does the Mexican order have in Spain? And, above all, what decisions should I avoid before a lawyer examines the case file?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Extradition <strong>It is not an automatic delivery<\/strong>. Spain must implement the bilateral treaty, respect the constitutional guarantees, and ensure that the legal requirements are met. But the National Court is also not holding a new trial on the guilt of the person claimed. Understanding this difference is the starting point for an effective defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide explains the current rules for an extradition request submitted by Mexico to Spain, the stages of the procedure, and the issues that the defense must examine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What treaty regulates extradition between Mexico and Spain?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main framework is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1980-12240\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Treaty of Extradition and Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between Spain and Mexico, of November 21, 1978<\/a>, In force since June 1, 1980. Its extradition regime remains in effect, with three relevant modifications:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1986-29362\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Exchange of Notes of December 1, 1984<\/a> It specifies the channels for urgent requests for preventive detention. In Spain, they can be received through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the competent judicial authority, or INTERPOL.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1996-18127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Protocol of June 23, 1995<\/a>, The Act, in force since September 1, 1996, modified the rules regarding political crimes, fiscal crimes, documentation, and the deadline for delivery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2001-6457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Second Protocol of December 6, 1999<\/a>, The Act, in force since April 1, 2001, lowered the threshold of punishment to one year, limited the examination in Spain of proceedings that are part of the Mexican process and created simplified extradition with consent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In matters not expressly regulated by the treaty, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-4816\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Law 4\/1985 on Passive Extradition<\/a>, According to Article 1 of the Constitution, the Spanish Constitution and the rights recognized in the applicable international treaties must also be respected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A useful precision: the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty of 2006, in force since 2007, replaced the part of the 1978 instrument dedicated to judicial assistance, <strong>not the extradition regime<\/strong>, which remains in force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What should a person claimed by Mexico do during the first few hours?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most important thing is to identify what measure actually exists and to avoid decisions that harm the defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Have an attorney from the beginning.<\/strong> Before making any statements regarding the facts investigated in Mexico, it is advisable to familiarize oneself with the available documentation and the consequences of any manifestation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Determine the origin of the claim.<\/strong> A criminal investigation, a warrant of arrest, a red notice, an urgent request for detention, and a formal extradition request are not the same thing. Each instrument requires a different legal response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Review the Mexican documentation.<\/strong> It is necessary to verify which judge issued the order, for what reasons, on what date, whether it remains in effect and whether there are any appeals or remedies that have altered its effectiveness. In the Mexican system, the arrest warrant is issued by the control judge at the request of the Public Prosecutor when they deem it necessary to take precautionary measures (Article 141 of the National Code of Criminal Procedures).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Prepare the defense of personal freedom in Spain.<\/strong> Housing, employment, regular residence, family, health status, and other verifiable connections are relevant when requesting provisional release or alternative measures to imprisonment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Coordinate from the beginning the lawyers of the two countries.<\/strong> The opposition in Spain should take into account what happened in Mexico, although the fundamental issues of the Mexican process cannot be discussed freely again before the National Audience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a boutique firm like ours, this first phase is personally led by a partner. We provide <a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/services\/extradition-lawyers-spain\/\">Defense in extradition proceedings before the National Court<\/a> And we work regularly with Mexican lawyers who have first-hand knowledge of the investigation and the original resolutions. This coordination allows us to verify the documentation, avoid contradictions, and assign each action to the appropriate jurisdiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How is an extradition request made by Mexico processed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Spanish procedure combines judicial intervention and decisions by the Government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Detention and first judicial control<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In cases of urgent preventive detention, the person must be placed in the custody of the Central Court of Instruction within a maximum period of <strong>24 hours<\/strong> (Article 8 of Law 4\/1985).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The judge examines the situation and may order provisional imprisonment or release with measures to prevent absconding: removal of the passport, periodic appearances, restriction of movements, or bail. Imprisonment is not an inevitable consequence of any claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Receipt of the formal request<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If Mexico requested a preventive detention, it must then submit the formal request with the documentation required by Article 15 of the treaty. According to Article 19, <strong>The preventive detention can be lifted if those documents are not received within 45 days, and in no case can it exceed 60 days.<\/strong> at that stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These deadlines are not the total duration of the extradition. After the formalization, the deadlines and guarantees of Law 4\/1985 must be examined separately, in particular its article 10, and the need to maintain any deprivation of liberty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Intervention by the Government<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Ministry of Justice processes the request and submits a motivated proposal to the Government, which decides whether the matter proceeds to judicial proceedings. Article 9 of Law 4\/1985 sets short deadlines for this phase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Appearance before the Central Investigation Court<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the judicial proceedings have been concluded, the defendant appears with a lawyer and, if necessary, with an interpreter. They are asked whether they consent to extradition or oppose it (Article 12 of the Law). This is a decision of special importance, because consent modifies the procedure and eliminates the protection of the rule of speciality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Appearance before the Criminal Chamber of the National Court<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If there is opposition, the Chamber holds a hearing and examines the requirements for delivery. The admissible evidence is limited to the conditions of the treaty and the law, not to the prosecution of the facts attributed in Mexico (article 14 of the Law).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Chamber resolves the matter by means of a reasoned decision. An appeal may be lodged against the decision before the plenary of the Criminal Chamber (Article 15 of the Law).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Final decision and delivery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the final judicial resolution denies extradition, it cannot be granted. If it declares it to be appropriate, the Government retains the power to deny it for the reasons provided by law (articles 6 and 18).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When granted, the treaty sets a time limit. <strong>60 days for delivery<\/strong> Since Mexico receives the communication, with rules regarding force majeure, delays, and release if delivery does not occur (article 21, in the wording of the 1995 Protocol).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For what reasons can an extradition to Mexico be denied?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The defense must identify the limits that the treaty and the law impose on the facts and the person claimed. The main ones are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Double incrimination and minimum severity.<\/strong> The facts must be punished in both countries with imprisonment of at least one year. If a sentence is requested, at least six months must remain outstanding. Article 2.3 allows for the extension of extradition to facts that, on their own, do not meet the threshold when claimed alongside others that do.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Political crimes and covert persecution.<\/strong> The treaty excludes political crimes, although the mere allegation of a political motive is not sufficient to qualify a crime as such (article 4.1, in the 1995 wording). And it prohibits extradition when a common-law crime is presented to prosecute or punish a person for their race, religion, nationality, or political opinions, or when their situation may be aggravated for those reasons (article 4.2). It is not enough to claim persecution: objective evidence must be provided.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prescription and extinction of criminal liability.<\/strong> Article 10 refers to the legislation of either of the two parties. The calculation requires reviewing dates, criminal standards, acts of interruption, and the nature of the facts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>What is judged.<\/strong> Article 9 prevents extradition when the person has already been tried in Spain for the same acts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Competence of the Spanish courts.<\/strong> Article 8 allows the delivery to be refused when Spain has knowledge of the crime.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sentences handed down in absentia.<\/strong> Article 11 requires guarantees of hearing and appeal, which are evaluated together with the protection provided by Spanish law.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Risks to fundamental rights.<\/strong> A real and individualized risk of torture or inhuman or degrading treatment is examined in accordance with the Constitution, the European Convention on Human Rights and Article 4.6 of Law 4\/1985. Neither is extradition granted for being tried by an extraordinary court (article 13 of the treaty).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The treaty also covers fiscal and customs crimes. Since the 1995 Protocol, <strong>An extradition cannot be ruled out simply because the fact is of a tax nature.<\/strong> or because the two countries regulate taxes differently (article 6). The double incrimination and the rest of the requirements must be analyzed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can Spain extradite a person with Spanish nationality?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Yes, under certain circumstances.<\/strong> It is one of the issues that causes the most confusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 3 of Law 4\/1985 generally prohibits the extradition of Spaniards. But Article 7 of the treaty with Mexico, which applies preferentially to what it expressly regulates, <strong>allows<\/strong> Each state has the right to refuse the extradition of its nationals. This is a prerogative, not an automatic impediment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Constitutional Court has confirmed it. In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/diario_boe\/txt.php?id=BOE-T-2000-8228\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">STC 87\/2000, of March 27<\/a>, The Court denied amparo to a Spanish citizen whose extradition to Italy had been declared permissible under a convention that, like the Mexican one, allows but does not require the extradition of nationals. The Court recalled that the extradition law is supplementary to treaties and that the Constitution only prohibits extradition for political offenses (Article 13.3), so that the protection of the national derives from the law and yields to what the treaty provides. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/diario_boe\/txt.php?id=BOE-T-2000-9227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">STC 102\/2000, of April 10<\/a>, He reiterated that doctrine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In practice, the National Court weighs the personal and familial ties, the relationship with Mexico, the seriousness of the facts, the location of the evidence, and the real possibility of holding the trial in Spain. Spanish nationality is a relevant argument that must be prepared in writing, but <strong>It does not guarantee in itself the denial of delivery<\/strong>. And if extradition is denied on the grounds of nationality, the eventual prosecution in Spain depends on their own budgets: it does not occur automatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can the National Court review the evidence from the Mexican investigation?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not in the same way as the criminal judge in Mexico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Extradition is a procedure of cooperation on a criminal case pursued in another State. The National Court checks the budgets of the extradition, the required documentation and the guarantees that must be respected. <strong>It does not decide whether the defendant is guilty or innocent.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This limit is of particular importance in the treaty with Mexico. The 1995 Protocol removed the requirement that the referral judicial resolution must show rational indications of the commission of the crime. The Second Protocol added two paragraphs to Article 15 that restrict the repetition in Spain of the grounds of objection inherent in the Mexican process and the assessment of certain judicial proceedings by the requesting State.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those predictions do not eliminate the control over fundamental rights. An absent or annulled judicial order, relevant documentary deficiencies, an established discriminatory claim, or an individualized risk to personal integrity require a valuation different from the mere discrepancy regarding the evidence presented by the prosecution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In practice, the strategy requires separating two tasks:<\/strong> In Mexico, challenge the issues specific to their criminal process and present in Spain the grounds for opposition and the guarantees that are examinable in an extradition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What has the Constitutional Court said about the scrutiny of the application?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Constitutional jurisprudence requires particularly careful justification when extradition affects personal liberty and other fundamental rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2020-14644\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">STC 147\/2020, of October 19<\/a>, The court annulled an extradition to Colombia based on a prosecution indictment after the judicial detention order had lapsed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2021-13031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">STC 147\/2021, of July 12<\/a>, He applied the same criteria to a claim from Angola, a country that has no treaty with Spain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Afterwards, the Plenary specified in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2024-3939\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">STC 17\/2024, of January 31<\/a>, That the control must be in accordance with the specific treaty, the impartiality of the originating authority, and the available information regarding the necessity and proportionality of the surrender. The Court added that the obligation to rectify deficiencies that are \u00abeasily detectable or that have been properly alleged\u00bb also requires an effort on the part of the opponent to make the claim. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2024-8179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">STC 36\/2024, of March 11<\/a>, He followed that direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The practical teaching is clear: constitutional decisions are not mechanically transferred from one country to another. In every extradition, consideration must be given <strong>the text of the treaty and the specific judicial title that supports the claim<\/strong>. To learn more, you can consult our analysis on the <a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/extradition-spain-colombia-constitutional-court\/\">Constitutional guarantees in extraditions between Spain and Colombia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is it advisable to consent to extradition to Mexico?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is no one-size-fits-all answer for all cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 19 bis, introduced by the Second Protocol, allows for the simplification of extradition when the person being extradited consents. But it explicitly stipulates that in such cases <strong>The special rule does not apply<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That rule protects against prosecution, prosecution, or the enforcement of punishment for acts that are separate from those that motivated the extradition, except for treaty exceptions (article 17). Renouncing it may have serious consequences if there are parallel cases or additional investigations in Mexico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before consenting, the scope of the request, the causes of the action, the original judicial title and the consequences of the decision must be known. It is also advisable to distinguish the special nature of the extradition regime to third countries, which requires the consent of Spain (Article 18).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What happens if there is a red notice from INTERPOL?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>A red notice is not in itself an international arrest warrant<\/strong>. It is a request for location and provisional arrest directed to the police forces of the member countries. The Spanish authorities act in accordance with their rules and under judicial control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the claim relates to INTERPOL, the Spanish extradition procedure must be distinguished from the review of data by the File Control Commission (CCF). The Commission examines requests for access, correction or deletion of information, but does not decide whether an extradition is appropriate or replace the National Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In many matters it is advisable to coordinate both channels, especially when the Mexican order has changed, there is an error of identity, or there are documented indications of improper use of the channels of police cooperation. You can learn about our practice here. <a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/services\/interpol-red-notices-and-ccf-attorneys-venfort\/\">defense against red notifications from INTERPOL and the CCF<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What happens if the claimant requests asylum in Spain?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">International protection and extradition are separate procedures. When there are real grounds for protection, they must be examined jointly and without confusing their purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 4.8 of Law 4\/1985 prevents the extradition of someone who has been granted refugee status. Furthermore, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2009-17242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Article 19.2 of Law 12\/2009<\/a> It establishes that the request for international protection suspends, until a final decision is made, the enforcement of the judgment of any pending extradition proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Applying for asylum does not mean obtaining freedom or constitutes, in itself, proof of political persecution. It requires its own grounds and documentation, and must be used responsibly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Defending an extradition between Spain and Mexico requires working in both countries<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The documentation that reaches the Audiencia Nacional comes from a Mexican criminal process. To understand it, one must know the powers of the control judges, the actions of the federal or state prosecutors, the validity of the arrest warrants, and the available remedies at the source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From Caracas and Madrid, at VENFORT Abogados we know firsthand how criminal proceedings work in Latin America and how they are valued in Spain. The lawyers involved in Mexico examine the proceedings of that jurisdiction; our team in Spain prepares the defense of extradition, personal liberty measures, and arguments before the National Court of Audience. When appropriate, the lawyers in Mexico can discuss the legality of the arrest warrant through the indirect amparo trial, in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.diputados.gob.mx\/LeyesBiblio\/pdf\/LAmp.pdf\">Law of<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.diputados.gob.mx\/LeyesBiblio\/pdf\/LAmp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.diputados.gob.mx\/LeyesBiblio\/pdf\/LAmp.pdf\">Amparo<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This form of work is especially important in procedures related to economic investigations, business disputes that have acquired a criminal dimension, patrimonial crimes, or allegations of the process being used to instrumentalize the case. Coordination does not mean that all cases are abusive: it means that each claim must be substantiated and supported with documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The person being sued needs a defense that knows what it is doing. <strong>What can be discussed in Spain, what should be resolved in Mexico, and how to avoid having proceedings in one jurisdiction contradict those in the other<\/strong>. In a boutique firm, that work is managed by a partner from day one until the final decision is made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does having a Spanish passport prevent me from being extradited to Mexico?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not automatically. Article 7 of the treaty allows the delivery of nationals to be denied, but this is a power that the Audiencia Nacional assesses according to the circumstances. The Constitutional Court has admitted the extradition of Spaniards when the applicable treaty allows it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How long can I be detained before the formal request arrives?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 19 of the treaty allows for the lifting of preventive detention if the request and documents are not received within 45 days, and sets a maximum of 60 days for that phase. These are not the total timeframes of the procedure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can I defend myself freely while the extradition process is underway?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, when the judge deems it appropriate. He or she may agree on alternative measures to imprisonment to ensure the availability of the defendant. Personal circumstances and grounds for attachment must be proven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can the National Court declare that I am innocent?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. The extradition procedure does not replace the Mexican criminal process. The Spanish court examines the requirements for extradition and the guarantees required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can I accept the simplified extradition and keep the special rule?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. Article 19 bis of the treaty stipulates that this rule does not apply when extradition is granted through the simplified procedure with consent. Therefore, the decision requires prior consultation and knowledge of the possible additional causes in Mexico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A defense strategy begins before the decision to surrender.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A claim by Mexico must be examined from its earliest documents. The treaty provides for grounds of objection and guarantees, but none of them can be evaluated in isolation or promise a result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sooner the file is reviewed, the more options remain open. The defense begins by thoroughly understanding what is being claimed, who is claiming it, and with what documents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you need an assessment of your situation, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/services\/extradition-lawyers-spain\/\">request a confidential consultation regarding extradition in Spain<\/a>. For clients and lawyers who prefer to communicate in English, we provide information about our <a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/services\/extradition-lawyers-spain\/\">Defense practice in extraditions in Spain<\/a> and ours <a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/services\/defense-against-interpol-alerts\/\">practice of defense against red notices from INTERPOL<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Confidential consultation in<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/contact\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1158\"><strong>venfort.com<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">VENFORT Abogados \u00b7 Caracas \u00b7 Madrid \u00b7 Presence in 15 jurisdictions International criminal defense \u00b7 Extraditions \u00b7 INTERPOL \u00b7 Sanctions \u00b7 Corporate Lawfare<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>About the author<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/en\/team\/alan-aldana-en\/\"><strong>Dr. Alan Aldana<\/strong><\/a> He is a founding partner of VENFORT Abogados, an international boutique firm with offices in Caracas and Madrid. A practicing lawyer in Spain and Venezuela and accredited before the International Criminal Court, he has more than twenty years of experience in extradition, international economic criminal law, INTERPOL red notices, and proceedings before the File Review Commission. He is a full member of the Defence Extradition Lawyers Forum, a member of the European Criminal Bar Association and its European Fraud and Compliance Lawyers section, a member of the Legal Experts Advisory Panel of Fair Trials, and director of the Venezuelan Committee of the World Compliance Association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute individual legal advice. Each case requires the examination of your documentation and your particular circumstances.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00e9xico le reclama y usted est\u00e1 en Espa\u00f1a: tratado de 1978 y protocolos, fases, plazos, nacionalidad espa\u00f1ola, INTERPOL y asilo. 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