{"id":4344,"date":"2026-01-08T14:57:31","date_gmt":"2026-01-08T18:57:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/venfort.com\/?p=4344"},"modified":"2026-01-16T14:57:58","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T18:57:58","slug":"consideraciones-sobre-la-mitigacion-de-riesgo-de-fraude-en-la-industria-petrolera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/venfort.com\/es\/consideraciones-sobre-la-mitigacion-de-riesgo-de-fraude-en-la-industria-petrolera\/","title":{"rendered":"Consideraciones sobre la mitigaci\u00f3n de riesgo de fraude y de conductas irregulares en la industria petrolera"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La industria petrolera est\u00e1 expuesta a riesgos de fraudes<\/a> y conductas irregulares. Tales riesgos como cualquier otro que se presenta en el campo empresarial, necesitan ser administrados; es decir conocidos, evaluados y mitigados. Por ello, es responsabilidad de la alta gerencia, asegurar la implementaci\u00f3n de efectivos sistemas de prevenci\u00f3n, detecci\u00f3n y respuesta oportuna.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fraude y conducta irregular en la industria petrolera<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El fraude es un concepto legal amplio que generalmente hace referencia a una acci\u00f3n cometida de forma intencional, para obtener ganancias il\u00edcitamente. Por su parte, la conducta irregular es un concepto m\u00e1s amplio que normalmente hace referencia a incumplimientos de leyes, regulaciones, pol\u00edticas internas y expectativas del mercado de la conducta \u00e9tica empresarial. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los principales esquemas de fraude y conducta irregular en la industria\u00a0petrolera, suelen suceder en las formas siguientes: i) conflictos de intereses, ii) corrupci\u00f3n en la cadena de abastecimiento, iii) alteraci\u00f3n de precios y\/o calidades pactadas del petr\u00f3leo y\/o sus productos derivados, iv) subfacturaci\u00f3n, v) robos o hurtos de bienes de capital, vi) sobrecargo de materiales y mano de obra esenciales para la operaci\u00f3n de activos, vii) activaci\u00f3n o diferimiento indebido de gastos, viii) sobrevaluaci\u00f3n de inventarios, ix) c\u00e1lculo indebido de regal\u00edas, x) sobrevaluaci\u00f3n de reservas de petr\u00f3leo, entre otros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entorno y desarrollo corporativo en la mitigaci\u00f3n del fraude<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Una s\u00f3lida estrategia de fraude es aquella que recibe el apoyo de las m\u00e1ximas autoridades de la empresa y que est\u00e1 arraigada en su cultura. Las amenazas de fraude son din\u00e1micas y aquellos sujetos que cometen los fraudes o conductas irregulares, buscan constantemente novedosas t\u00e9cnicas para aprovecharse de nuevas oportunidades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para garantizar que los controles contra el fraude y las conductas irregulares contin\u00faen siendo efectivos y est\u00e9n en l\u00ednea con la regulaci\u00f3n normativa (internacional y local), la responsabilidad sobre el enfoque de gesti\u00f3n de riesgos de fraude y de conductas irregulares de la entidad debe compartirse entre la alta direcci\u00f3n (esto es, entre aquellas personas que tengan un control significativo o una funci\u00f3n importante en la creaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas). Esta supervisi\u00f3n fundamental comienza con la prevenci\u00f3n y tambi\u00e9n debe formar parte de las medidas de detecci\u00f3n y respuesta oportuna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Director General o Presidente de una empresa (\u201cChief Executive Officer\u201d), se encuentra en una posici\u00f3n ideal en la entidad para influir en las acciones de los empleados a trav\u00e9s de su liderazgo ejecutivo, desempe\u00f1ando as\u00ed una funci\u00f3n decisiva al momento de fomentar valores y una cultura con un elevado componente \u00e9tico y de protecci\u00f3n e integridad de la entidad y sus activos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por su parte, la responsabilidad directa de las medidas antifraude debe recaer en un miembro de la alta direcci\u00f3n o Comit\u00e9 Ejecutivo, normalmente el Responsable de Cumplimiento Normativo (\u201cChief Compliance Officer\u201d), quien trabajar\u00e1 junto con el personal de auditor\u00eda interna y con especialistas en la materia. Dicho Responsable de Cumplimiento Normativo se encargar\u00e1 de coordinar el enfoque de la entidad en materia de prevenci\u00f3n, detecci\u00f3n y respuesta ante casos de fraude y conductas irregulares. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otros altos cargos de la empresa, tales como los responsables de los distintos departamentos (p. ej. desarrollo de productos, marketing, consultor\u00eda jur\u00eddica, recursos humanos) tambi\u00e9n deber\u00e1n participar en las estrategias antifraude de la entidad; dichas personas supervisar\u00e1n en la regularidad de las actuaciones, los campos de operaci\u00f3n en los que surjan riesgos, actuando as\u00ed como expertos en sus \u00e1reas de experiencia o responsabilidad proporcionando una valiosa ayuda al Responsable de Cumplimiento\u00a0Normativo<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por \u00faltimo, la Direcci\u00f3n de Auditor\u00eda Interna de la empresa moderna, es un actor principal en las actividades antifraude, y que sirve de apoyo al enfoque adoptado por las m\u00e1ximas autoridades para prevenir, detectar y responder ante fraudes y conductas irregulares. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Principales efectos del fraude y de conductas irregulares sobre la entidad corporativa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En la industria petrolera, la ocurrencia de esquemas de fraude y conducta irregular en forma sistem\u00e1tica, menoscaba la confianza del p\u00fablico y da\u00f1an la reputaci\u00f3n de la integridad de la entidad corporativa, con los efectos negativos que ello conlleva en el giro de la empresa, tales como: i) limitaciones en la negociaci\u00f3n y solicitud de financiamientos para el mantenimiento y reinversi\u00f3n de la capacidad de operaciones que mantengan y\/o aumenten los niveles de producci\u00f3n de petr\u00f3leo, ii) desv\u00edo de ingresos fiscales, iii) afectaci\u00f3n en la comercializaci\u00f3n de petr\u00f3leo o derivados por distorsi\u00f3n de precios o manipulaci\u00f3n de calidades, entre otros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por: Pedro E. Baute Caraballo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An\u00e1lisis de riesgos de fraude y conductas irregulares en la industria petrolera y del rol directivo en su prevenci\u00f3n, detecci\u00f3n y 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