{"id":2787,"date":"2017-06-22T08:00:44","date_gmt":"2017-06-22T12:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/venfort.com\/?p=173"},"modified":"2024-11-11T13:43:59","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T17:43:59","slug":"immunite-parlementaire-venezuela","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/venfort.com\/fr\/inmunidad-parlamentaria-venezuela\/","title":{"rendered":"[DOCUMENTO] Notas sobre la inmunidad parlamentaria en Venezuela"},"content":{"rendered":"

L'immunit\u00e9 parlementaire est un probl\u00e8me. \u00catre un repr\u00e9sentant du pouvoir populaire au Parlement, o\u00f9 sont \u00e9labor\u00e9es et d\u00e9battues les lois qui orientent le destin de tous les habitants d'un pays, constitue un poste aux fonctions strictes et d\u00e9limit\u00e9es. Afin de remplir pleinement ces fonctions, ces dirigeants doivent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de toutes les garanties leur permettant de les exercer en toute l\u00e9galit\u00e9 et sans porter atteinte \u00e0 leur int\u00e9grit\u00e9 en tant qu'agents publics et citoyens.<\/p>\n

Les limites, les devoirs et les droits de la fonction parlementaire sont \u00e9tablis dans les chartes constitutionnelles et dans la jurisprudence des instances dirigeantes de la justice, dans le cas du Venezuela de la Cour supr\u00eame. Cour supr\u00eame de justice<\/a>.<\/p>\n

L'une de ces garanties essentielles pour la fonction parlementaire est ce que l'on appelle l'immunit\u00e9. La nature juridique de cette garantie a fait l'objet de discussions et doit \u00eatre r\u00e9solue dans l'analyse du droit v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien, dans l'\u00e9volution constitutionnelle de l'institution et dans les pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents \u00e9tablis par la jurisprudence en la mati\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

L'immunit\u00e9 agit dans deux domaines principaux.<\/h2>\n

Dans le premier cas, elle garantit l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des d\u00e9put\u00e9s et dans le second, elle repr\u00e9sente une garantie de libre autonomie et d'ind\u00e9pendance dans le plein exercice de leur fonction, ce qui se traduit en fin de compte par une garantie pour la d\u00e9mocratie.<\/p>\n

Alan Aldana & Abogados a entrepris d'\u00e9tudier son \u00e9volution, son traitement et sa port\u00e9e dans l'histoire v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne, afin d'\u00e9clairer l'analyse juridique des cas les plus r\u00e9cents de violation de l'immunit\u00e9 parlementaire.<\/p>\n

La diff\u00e9rence entre l'immunit\u00e9 parlementaire et la soi-disant \u00abirresponsabilit\u00e9 parlementaire\u00bb est une autre question que nous expliquerons dans ce document, car il est important de souligner que l'immunit\u00e9 se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 des faits, des actes, des actions ou des omissions que le dirigeant peut encourir dans l'exercice de ses fonctions, tandis que l'irresponsabilit\u00e9 parlementaire se r\u00e9f\u00e8re uniquement aux votes ou aux opinions du fonctionnaire susmentionn\u00e9 au cours de son travail.<\/p>\n

Cette \u00abirresponsabilit\u00e9 parlementaire\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e au Venezuela parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 l'\u00e9volution constitutionnelle de l'immunit\u00e9, dans le but de r\u00e9glementer cette nouvelle garantie de mani\u00e8re institutionnelle.<\/p>\n

Immunit\u00e9 parlementaire : l'histoire construit l'avenir<\/h2>\n

Depuis la premi\u00e8re constitution v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne, publi\u00e9e en 1811<\/strong>, Dans la Constitution, l'immunit\u00e9 personnelle des repr\u00e9sentants et des s\u00e9nateurs \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 pr\u00e9vue dans tous les cas, \u00e0 l'exception de ceux concernant la trahison ou le trouble de la paix publique, inspir\u00e9e de la Magna Carta am\u00e9ricaine.<\/p>\n

La formule de l'immunit\u00e9 parlementaire limit\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 reproduite, avec des ajustements et des adaptations,<\/strong> dans les plus de 20 constitutions adopt\u00e9es au Venezuela. Si nous pr\u00eatons attention aux deux derni\u00e8res chartes du 20e si\u00e8cle, avant la Constitution de 1999, nous pouvons observer une expansion des r\u00e8gles et de la port\u00e9e de l'immunit\u00e9, ce qui a ouvert un d\u00e9bat int\u00e9ressant dans la doctrine et la jurisprudence nationales sur la question de la protection du d\u00e9put\u00e9 dans les crimes commis avant sa proclamation dans ses fonctions ou lorsqu'il ou elle d\u00e9missionne de ses fonctions.<\/p>\n

La Constitution de 1961, ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la Constitution actuelle, pr\u00e9voyait une r\u00e9glementation plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de l'immunit\u00e9 parlementaire.<\/strong>. En ce sens, l'article 143 mentionne que cette garantie est effective depuis la proclamation du d\u00e9put\u00e9 jusqu'\u00e0 20 jours apr\u00e8s la fin de son mandat. Il \u00e9tablissait \u00e9galement les responsabilit\u00e9s des fonctionnaires qui violaient l'immunit\u00e9 des membres de l'assembl\u00e9e et pr\u00e9voyait des proc\u00e9dures sp\u00e9ciales pour la lev\u00e9e de la garantie, dans le cas o\u00f9 les conditions \u00e9taient remplies.<\/p>\n

L'examen de la Magna Carta de 1999, qui r\u00e9git actuellement l'administration v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne, montre l'importance accord\u00e9e \u00e0 l'exercice effectif de la fonction parlementaire.<\/strong> pour b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de l'immunit\u00e9. \u00c0 notre avis, sur la base de nos connaissances juridiques, les dispositions relatives \u00e0 cette garantie sont moins sp\u00e9cifiques et moins claires que celles \u00e9tablies dans la constitution de 1961, car elles ne d\u00e9finissent pas des aspects tels que l'immunit\u00e9 des d\u00e9put\u00e9s suppl\u00e9ants ou des d\u00e9put\u00e9s qui ne participent pas activement \u00e0 l'exercice de leurs fonctions.<\/p>\n

Sur le processus judiciaire pr\u00e9alable<\/h2>\n

Dans toutes les normes constitutionnelles en la mati\u00e8re, l'effet de l'immunit\u00e9 parlementaire est l'application d'un processus judiciaire pr\u00e9alable.<\/strong>, Dans le cas o\u00f9 les \u00e9l\u00e9ments juridiques n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la poursuite d'un membre du parlement sont disponibles, par le biais de ce que l'on appelle le proc\u00e8s de m\u00e9rite, le proc\u00e8s de m\u00e9rite ne peut \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9 qu'avec l'autorisation pr\u00e9alable du parlement, sinon il devient nul et non avenu. Dans les deux derni\u00e8res chartes nationales, ce proc\u00e8s ne peut finalement avoir lieu qu'avec l'autorisation pr\u00e9alable du Parlement, sinon il est sans effet.<\/p>\n

L'immunit\u00e9 parlementaire v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne n'est pas absolue, elle a toujours eu des r\u00e8gles qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finies dans l'histoire constitutionnelle.<\/strong> pour lui donner des limites claires et \u00e9tablir son champ d'application. L'\u00e9quipe du cabinet Alan Aldana & Abogados a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 les points les plus importants de cette r\u00e9glementation, notamment la prise en compte de cette garantie uniquement dans le cas des d\u00e9put\u00e9s dans le strict exercice de leurs fonctions, sans couvrir les actes, faits, actions ou omissions qui, m\u00eame s'ils sont actifs, ne sont pas li\u00e9s \u00e0 l'exercice de leurs fonctions.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e8gle est \u00e9galement stricte en ce qu'elle exclut de l'immunit\u00e9 les d\u00e9put\u00e9s suppl\u00e9ants qui n'ont pas rejoint le corps l\u00e9gislatif.<\/strong>, Il en va de m\u00eame pour les parlementaires de haut rang qui ont cess\u00e9 temporairement leurs fonctions. Il est \u00e9galement sans effet dans le cas de proc\u00e9dures judiciaires qui ne sont pas de nature p\u00e9nale, mais qui concernent des proc\u00e9dures priv\u00e9es, civiles, patrimoniales, familiales ou commerciales.<\/p>\n

\"L'immunit\u00e9<\/p>\n

Dans le document suivant, nous proposons un examen et une analyse d\u00e9taill\u00e9s de l'\u00e9volution de l'immunit\u00e9 parlementaire v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne, ainsi qu'une \u00e9valuation de la port\u00e9e actuelle de cette garantie, en tenant compte de ce qui est refl\u00e9t\u00e9 dans la Constitution et de la jurisprudence du TSJ lorsqu'il a eu \u00e0 se prononcer sur certaines affaires. De m\u00eame, nous pr\u00e9sentons des cas actuels sp\u00e9cifiques et bien r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9s, afin de refl\u00e9ter la mani\u00e8re dont l'immunit\u00e9 parlementaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 assum\u00e9e sur le territoire national.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER GRATUITEMENT LE DOCUMENT COMPLET<\/a><\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La inmunidad parlamentaria es un tema en el tapete. Ser representante del poder popular en el Parlamento, donde se crean y debaten las leyes que dirigen el destino de todos los habitantes de un pa\u00eds, constituye un cargo con estrictas y delimitadas funciones. Para cumplirlas a cabalidad estos dirigentes deben contar con garant\u00edas plenas que […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2788,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","omw_enable_modal_window":"enable","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[491,479,41],"class_list":["post-2787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-formacion-legal","tag-inmunidad-parlamentaria","tag-parlamento","tag-venezuela","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"\n[DOCUMENTO] 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