{"id":6461,"date":"2026-10-31T11:06:41","date_gmt":"2026-10-31T15:06:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/venfort.com\/?p=6461"},"modified":"2026-10-31T11:06:42","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T15:06:42","slug":"risques-penaux-lies-a-la-petro-exportation-venezuelienne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/venfort.com\/fr\/riesgos-penales-contratacion-petrolera-venezuela\/","title":{"rendered":"Le p\u00e9trole au Venezuela : les risques p\u00e9nales que les entreprises doivent prendre en compte dans chaque contrat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019activit\u00e9 p\u00e9troli\u00e8re v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne retrouve le centre de l\u2019attention des investisseurs et des op\u00e9rateurs internationaux. Les changements dans le cadre r\u00e9glementaire du secteur, ainsi que les opportunit\u00e9s offertes par l\u2019ouverture \u00e0 l\u2019investissement priv\u00e9, ouvrent de nouveaux horizons pour les entreprises int\u00e9ress\u00e9es \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper, \u00e0 \u00e9tendre ou \u00e0 consolider leur pr\u00e9sence dans le pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des <a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/fr\/investir-au-venezuela-2026-creer-une-entreprise\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"6152\">Opportunit\u00e9s commerciales et d'investissement<\/a>, Les risques juridiques sont nombreux et n\u00e9cessitent une attention particuli\u00e8re. Parmi eux, on peut citer la responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale potentielle d\u00e9coulant des d\u00e9cisions prises lors de la n\u00e9gociation, de la structuration et de l\u2019ex\u00e9cution des contrats li\u00e9s au secteur des hydrocarbures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la question abord\u00e9e par le Dr Alan Aldana, associ\u00e9 fondateur de VENFORT ABOGADOS, dans son article <strong>\u00abLe p\u00e9trole au Venezuela : le risque p\u00e9nal derri\u00e8re chaque contrat \u00bb<\/strong>, publi\u00e9 dans la septi\u00e8me \u00e9dition de <a href=\"https:\/\/library.theindustryreviews.com\/editions\/the-legal-industry-reviews-venezuela-edition-7-october-2026\/read?staged=1&amp;area=legal&amp;t=jYMUFdKfNpEyWSfDKYcPsJWc25DJBkka&amp;p=21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Les avis de l'industrie juridique : Venezuela<\/em>, aux pages 20 et 21<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls poster=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/portada-video-LIR-venfort.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/EXP-OP-Venfort-Abogados-ligero.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La r\u00e9forme du secteur p\u00e9trolier et ses implications juridiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La r\u00e9forme de la Loi organique des hydrocarbures du 29 janvier 2026 ouvre de nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s pour l\u2019investissement priv\u00e9 au Venezuela. Ce sc\u00e9nario exige que les entreprises int\u00e9ress\u00e9es \u00e0 participer au march\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00e9valuent non seulement les conditions contractuelles et commerciales de leurs op\u00e9rations, mais \u00e9galement les \u00e9ventuelles responsabilit\u00e9s l\u00e9gales qui pourraient surgir lors de leur ex\u00e9cution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comme le souligne le Dr Aldana, le risque p\u00e9nal ne se situe pas toujours dans le contrat sign\u00e9, mais dans les d\u00e9cisions prises pour le mettre en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une op\u00e9ration peut comporter des contrats formels, des factures et des autorisations commerciales, et pourtant pr\u00e9senter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments susceptibles de donner lieu \u00e0 une enqu\u00eate p\u00e9nale. Par exemple, lorsque il n\u2019est pas possible de justifier convenablement les services fournis par un interm\u00e9diaire, les crit\u00e8res utilis\u00e9s pour d\u00e9terminer ses honoraires ou l\u2019utilisation finale des fonds en question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans cette perspective, la pr\u00e9vention exige d\u2019examiner la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique de chaque op\u00e9ration, la documentation qui la sous-tend et la conduite des personnes qui y participent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principaux risques p\u00e9nales dans les op\u00e9rations p\u00e9troli\u00e8res<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019analyse publi\u00e9e par le Dr Aldana identifie plusieurs domaines qui m\u00e9ritent une attention particuli\u00e8re de la part des entreprises, de leurs dirigeants et des \u00e9quipes responsables des op\u00e9rations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Interm\u00e9diaires, commissions et paiements \u00e0 des tiers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La souscription d\u2019interm\u00e9diaires constitue l\u2019un des aspects qui requiert une diligence particuli\u00e8re. Les entreprises doivent pouvoir prouver la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 des services contract\u00e9s, leur prestation effective et la raisonnablet\u00e9 des honoraires convenus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019existence de factures ou de contrats ne remplace pas la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de justifier le fondement \u00e9conomique des paiements ni d\u2019identifier leurs b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires finaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Corruption et avantages illicites<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La r\u00e9glementation anticorruption et les obligations d\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des entreprises rev\u00eatent une importance particuli\u00e8re dans les relations avec les contractants, les fournisseurs, les interm\u00e9diaires et les autres acteurs de la cha\u00eene d\u2019approvisionnement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les situations susceptibles de donner lieu \u00e0 une infraction p\u00e9nale comprennent l\u2019acceptation ou la remise de b\u00e9n\u00e9fices indus, les paiements injustifi\u00e9s et certaines pratiques de surfacturation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est pourquoi les m\u00e9canismes de contr\u00f4le interne, la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 des paiements et la supervision par des tiers doivent faire partie de l\u2019approche de pr\u00e9vention des risques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale des personnes impliqu\u00e9es dans l\u2019op\u00e9ration<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une enqu\u00eate ne se limite pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 mercantilienne concern\u00e9e. Les actions des administrateurs, dirigeants, repr\u00e9sentants, responsables de la s\u00e9lection du personnel et autres professionnels peuvent faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une analyse individuelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il est essentiel de d\u00e9terminer qui a pris chaque d\u00e9cision, quelles fonctions il occupait, quelles informations il disposait et quelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 sa contribution effective \u00e0 l\u2019op\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Risques environnementaux et obligations dans la gestion des hydrocarbures<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La dimension environnementale occupe \u00e9galement une place importante dans l\u2019analyse. La Loi p\u00e9nale de l\u2019environnement pr\u00e9voit des cons\u00e9quences juridiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 certaines comportements li\u00e9s \u00e0 la manipulation inappropri\u00e9e de substances et de d\u00e9chets dangereux, entre autres activit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les entreprises doivent tenir compte des obligations applicables aux op\u00e9rations d\u2019extraction, de transport, de stockage et de gestion des hydrocarbures, ainsi que des contr\u00f4les destin\u00e9s \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les infractions environnementales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Expos\u00e9 juridique dans diff\u00e9rentes juridictions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les op\u00e9rations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques internationales impliquent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, des fournisseurs, des entit\u00e9s financi\u00e8res et des interm\u00e9diaires \u00e9tablis dans diff\u00e9rents pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette structure peut entra\u00eener des enqu\u00eates parall\u00e8les ou des proc\u00e9dures dans diff\u00e9rentes juridictions. Par cons\u00e9quent, la strat\u00e9gie de pr\u00e9vention et de d\u00e9fense doit pr\u00e9voir la coordination juridique internationale, la pr\u00e9servation des documents et l\u2019\u00e9valuation des responsabilit\u00e9s \u00e9ventuelles dans chaque territoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La pr\u00e9vention p\u00e9nale comme outil de protection des entreprises<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les entreprises qui participent au secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien, la gestion du risque p\u00e9nal doit \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 la planification de leurs op\u00e9rations, et non limit\u00e9e \u00e0 une r\u00e9vision juridique post\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l\u2019apparition d\u2019un conflit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une strat\u00e9gie de pr\u00e9vention ad\u00e9quate n\u00e9cessite, entre autres actions :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Revoir les contrats et les structures d\u2019interm\u00e9diation avant de formaliser les op\u00e9rations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>v\u00e9rifier l\u2019identit\u00e9, l\u2019activit\u00e9 et la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des tiers impliqu\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Documenter la justification \u00e9conomique des paiements, des commissions et des d\u00e9cisions commerciales.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cr\u00e9er des m\u00e9canismes de contr\u00f4le des processus de recrutement et de la cha\u00eene d\u2019approvisionnement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9terminer les obligations environnementales et r\u00e9glementaires applicables.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9limiter les fonctions et responsabilit\u00e9s des administrateurs, des dirigeants et des \u00e9quipes op\u00e9rationnelles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c9valuer les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019intervention d\u2019entit\u00e9s et de personnes dans diff\u00e9rentes juridictions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019objectif n\u2019est pas seulement de r\u00e9duire la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une enqu\u00eate, mais aussi de disposer d\u2019une base documentaire et organisationnelle permettant d\u2019attester de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des d\u00e9cisions empresariales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VENFORT ABOGADOS : exp\u00e9rience dans les litiges internationaux du secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans cette m\u00eame \u00e9dition de <em>Les avis de l'industrie juridique : Venezuela<\/em>, VENFORT ABOGADOS pr\u00e9sente son exp\u00e9rience en mati\u00e8re de litiges internationaux li\u00e9s au secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, \u00e0 la page 49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La publication souligne notre intervention dans des proc\u00e9dures complexes li\u00e9es \u00e0 des op\u00e9rations de fourniture et de prestation de services dans le domaine \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, ainsi que la coordination juridique des proc\u00e9dures pouvant impliquer des entreprises et des professionnels dans diff\u00e9rentes juridictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notre expertise comprend l\u2019analyse des structures contractuelles, l\u2019identification des responsabilit\u00e9s potentielles, la coordination avec les \u00e9quipes juridiques locales et la pr\u00e9paration d\u2019strat\u00e9gies de d\u00e9fense dans des situations particuli\u00e8rement complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce travail exige une vision globale qui combine la connaissance du droit p\u00e9nal, la r\u00e9glementation sectorielle, la dimension corporative et les particularit\u00e9s des proc\u00e9dures internationales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une \u00e9valuation juridique rigoureuse avant d'investir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les opportunit\u00e9s offertes par le secteur p\u00e9trolier v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lien n\u00e9cessitent des d\u00e9cisions d\u2019entreprise fond\u00e9es sur des informations suffisantes et une \u00e9valuation rigoureuse des risques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les entrepreneurs, les investisseurs et les dirigeants, comprendre les implications p\u00e9nales potentielles d\u2019une op\u00e9ration est essentiel pour prot\u00e9ger leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats, pr\u00e9server la continuit\u00e9 de leurs activit\u00e9s et \u00e9viter que des d\u00e9cisions commerciales apparemment ordinaires ne d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8rent en des situations juridiques plus complexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pr\u00e9vention p\u00e9nale ne doit pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019investissement, mais comme une condition essentielle pour d\u00e9velopper des op\u00e9rations durables, transparentes et juridiquement prot\u00e9g\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Consultez l'analyse compl\u00e8te du Dr Alan Aldana dans la septi\u00e8me \u00e9dition de<\/strong> <em><strong>Les avis de l'industrie juridique : Venezuela<\/strong><\/em> <strong>(pages 20 et 21), ainsi que la pr\u00e9sentation de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de VENFORT ABOGADOS dans le domaine des litiges internationaux dans le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique (page 49).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thelegalindustry.com\/venezuela\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Acc\u00e9der \u00e0 l'\u00e9dition originale de The Legal Industry Reviews : Venezuela<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/FC-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-819x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Cas remarquable : la p\u00e9trochimie v\u00e9n\u00e9zu\u00e9lienne\" class=\"wp-image-6465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/FC-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/FC-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-120x150.jpg 120w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/FC-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/FC-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/FC-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/FC-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/EO-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-819x1024.jpg\" alt=\"D\u00e9fense corporative\" class=\"wp-image-6466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/EO-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/EO-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-120x150.jpg 120w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/EO-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/EO-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/EO-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/EO-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/EO-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-1638x2048.jpg 1638w, https:\/\/venfort.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/EO-VENFORT-Abogados-LIR-Venezuela-scaled.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>AVOCATS DE VENFORT<\/strong><br>Confidentialit\u00e9, responsabilit\u00e9 et efficacit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/venfort.com\/fr\/\">www.venfort.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nous analysons les risques p\u00e9nales li\u00e9s \u00e0 la p\u00e9tro-concession en Venezuela et les cl\u00e9s pour prot\u00e9ger les entreprises et les dirigeants dans le cadre d\u2019op\u00e9rations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[521],"tags":[81,531,41],"class_list":["post-6461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-derecho-penal-economico","tag-derecho-penal-economico","tag-industria-petrolera","tag-venezuela","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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